George Jones, the
definitive country singer of the last half-century, whose songs about
heartbreak and hard drinking echoed his own turbulent life, died on
Friday in Nashville. He was 81.
His publicists, Webster & Associates, said he died at a hospital
after being admitted there on April 18 with fever and irregular blood
pressure.
Mr. Jones’s singing was universally respected and just as widely
imitated. With a baritone voice that was as elastic as a steel-guitar
string, he found vulnerability and doubt behind the cheerful drive of
honky-tonk and brought suspense to every syllable, merging bluesy slides
with the tight, quivering ornaments of Appalachian singing.
In his most memorable songs, all the pleasures of a down-home Saturday
night couldn’t free him from private pain. His up-tempo songs had
undercurrents of solitude, and the ballads that became his specialty
were suffused with stoic desolation. “When you’re onstage or recording,
you put yourself in those stories,” he once said.
Fans heard in those songs the strains of a life in which success and
excess battled for decades. Mr. Jones — nicknamed Possum for his
close-set eyes and pointed nose and later No-Show Jones for the concerts
he missed during drinking and drug binges — bought, sold and traded
dozens of houses and hundreds of cars; he earned millions of dollars and
lost much of it to drug use, mismanagement and divorce settlements.
Through it all, he kept touring and recording, singing mournful songs
that continued to ring true.
Mr. Jones was a presence on the country charts from the 1950s into the
21st century, and as early as the 1960s he was praised by listeners and
fellow musicians as the greatest living country singer. He was never a
crossover act; while country fans revered him, pop and rock radio
stations ignored him. But by the 1980s, Mr. Jones had come to stand for
country tradition. Country singers through the decades, fromGarth
Brooksand Randy Travis to Toby Keith andTim McGraw, learned licks from
Mr. Jones, who never bothered to wear a cowboy hat.
“Not everybody needs to sound like a George Jones record,” Alan Jackson,
the country singer and songwriter, once told an interviewer. “But
that’s what I’ve always done, and I’m going to keep it that way — or try
to.”
George Glenn Jones was born with a broken arm in Saratoga, Tex., an
oil-field town, on Sept. 12, 1931, to Clare and George Washington Jones.
His father, a truck driver and pipe fitter, bought George his first
guitar when he was 9, and with help from a Sunday school teacher he
taught himself to play melodies and chords. As a teenager he sang on the
streets, in Pentecostal revival services and in the honky-tonks in the
Gulf Coast port of Beaumont. Bus drivers let him ride free if he sang.
Soon he was appearing on radio shows, forging a style modeled on Lefty
Frizzell, Roy Acuff andHank Williams.
Mr. Jones married Dorothy Bonvillion when he was 17, but divorced her
before the birth of their daughter. He served in the Marines from 1950
to 1953, then signed to Starday Records, whose co-owner Pappy Daily
became Mr. Jones’s producer and manager. Mr. Jones’s first single, “No
Money in This Deal,” was released in 1954, the year he married his
second wife, Shirley Corley. They had two sons before they divorced in
1968.
“Why Baby Why,” released in 1955, became Mr. Jones’s first hit. During
the 1950s he wrote or collaborated on many of his songs, including hits
like"Just One More,""What Am I Worth” and “Color of the Blues,” though
he later gave up songwriting. In the mid-'50s he had a brief fling with
rockabilly, recording as Thumper Jones and as Hank Smith. But under his
own name he was a country hit maker. He began singing at the Grand Ole
Opry in 1956.
He had already become a drinker."White Lightning,"a No. 1 country hit in
1959, required 83 takes because Mr. Jones was drinking through the
session. On the road, playing one-night stands, he tore up hotel rooms
and got into brawls. He also began missing shows because he was too
drunk to perform.
But onstage and on recordings, his career was advancing. In 1962 he
recorded one of his signature songs, “She Thinks I Still Care,” which
was nominated for a Grammy Award. Another of his most lasting hits, “The
Race Is On,” appeared in 1964. He was part of the first country concert
at Madison Square Garden, a four-show, 10-act package in 1964 that also
included Ernest Tubb, Bill Monroe and Buck Owens. Each act was allotted
two songs per show, but on the opening night Mr. Jones played five
before he was carried offstage.
In 1966, Mr. Jones tried to start a country theme park in Vidor, the
East Texas suburb where he lived. Called the George Jones Rhythm Ranch,
it was the first of many shaky business ventures. Mr. Jones gave only
one performance. After singing, he disappeared for a month, rambling
across Texas. His drinking had gotten worse. At one point his wife hid
the keys to all his cars, so he drove his lawn mower into Beaumont to a
liquor store — an incident he would later commemorate in a song and in
music videos. They were divorced not long afterward.
Mr. Jones had his next No. 1 country single in 1967 with “Walk Through
This World With Me.” He moved to Nashville and opened a nightclub there,
Possum Holler, which lasted a few months.
He had met a rising country singer, Tammy Wynette, in 1966, and they
fell in love while on tour. She was married at the time to Don Chapel, a
songwriter whose material had appeared on both of their albums. One
night in 1968, Mr. Jones recalled, Ms. Wynette and Mr. Chapel were
arguing in their dining room when Mr. Jones arrived; he upended the
dining room table and told Ms. Wynette he loved her. She took her three
children and left with Mr. Jones.
They were married in 1969 and settled in Lakeland, Fla. There, on the
land around his plantation-style mansion, Mr. Jones built another
country-themed park, the Old Plantation Music Park.
Mr. Jones severed his connection with Mr. Daily and later maintained
that he had not received proper royalties. In 1971 he signed a contract
with Epic Records, which was also Ms. Wynette’s label, and the couple
began recording duets produced by Billy Sherrill, whose elaborate
arrangements helped reshape the sound of Nashville. Three of those duets
— “We’re Gonna Hold On,” “Golden Ring” and “Near You” — were No. 1
country hits, an accomplishment made more poignant by the singers’
widely reported marital friction.
“Mr. and Mrs. Country Music” was painted on their tour bus. But the
marriage was falling apart, unable to withstand bitter quarrels and Mr.
Jones’s drinking and amphetamine use. After one fight, he was put in a
straitjacket and hospitalized for 10 days. The Lakeland music park was
shut down.
The couple divorced in 1975; the next year Mr. Jones released two
albums, titled"The Battle"and “Alone Again.” But duets by Mr. Jones and
Ms. Wynette continued to be released until 1980, the year they rejoined
to make a new album,"Together Again,"which included the hit “Two Story
House.” They would reunite to tour and record again in the mid-1990s.
Mr. Jones grew increasingly erratic after the divorce, drinking heavily
and losing weight. His singles slipped lower on the charts. His
management bounced his band members’ paychecks. At times he would sing
in a Donald Duck voice onstage. And he began using cocaine and
brandishing a gun. In 1977 he fired at a friend’s car and was charged
with attempted murder, but the charges were dropped.
His nickname No-Show Jones gained national circulation as he missed more
engagements than he kept. When he was scheduled to play a 1977 showcase
at the Bottom Line in New York, he disappeared for three weeks instead.
In 1979, he missed 54 concert dates. (Later, the license plates on his
cars ran from “NOSHOW1” to “NOSHOW7.”)
But as his troubles increased, so did his fame and his album sales. “I
was country music’s national drunk and drug addict,” Mr. Jones wrote in
his autobiography, “I Lived to Tell It All,” published in 1996.
He had music industry fans outside country circles.James Taylorwrote
“Bartender’s Blues” for him, and sang it with him as a duet. In 1979, on
the album “My Very Special Guests,” Mr. Jones sang duets withWillie
Nelson,Linda Ronstadt,Elvis CostelloandEmmylou Harris. But he missed
many of the recording sessions, and had to add his vocal tracks later.
By then Mr. Jones had moved to Florence, Ala., in part to get away from
arrest warrants for nonpayment of child support to Ms. Wynette and other
debts in Tennessee. In Florence, he had a girlfriend, Linda Welborn,
from 1975 to 1981. When they broke up, she sued and won a divorce
settlement under Alabama’s common-law marriage statutes.
In 1979 Mr. Jones declared bankruptcy. His manager was arrested and
charged with selling cocaine. That December, Mr. Jones was committed for
30 days to a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center. After his release,
he went back to cocaine and whiskey.
Yet he still had hits. “He Stopped Loving Her Today,” a song about a man
whose love ends only when his life does, was released in April 1980 and
reached No. 1 on the country charts, beginning Mr. Jones’s resurgence.
The Country Music Association named “He Stopped Loving Her Today” the
song of the year, the award going to its songwriters, Bobby Braddock and
Curly Putman, and the recording won the Grammy for best male country
performance.
With a renewed contract from Epic Records, Mr. Jones became a hit maker
again, with No. 1 songs including “Still Doin’ Time” in 1981 and “I
Always Get Lucky With You” in 1983. He made an album with Johnny
Paycheck, a former member of his band, in 1980 and one withMerle Haggard
in 1982; he recorded a single, “We Didn’t See a Thing,” withRay Charles
in 1983. And in 1984 he released “Ladies’ Choice,” an album of duets
withLoretta Lynn, Brenda Lee, Emmylou Harris and other female singers.
In 1983 he married Nancy Sepulvedo, who straightened out his business
affairs and then Mr. Jones himself. He gave up cocaine and whiskey. The
couple moved to East Texas, near Mr. Jones’s birthplace, and opened the
Jones Country Music Park, which they operated for six years. In 1988 he
changed labels again, to MCA, and soon moved to Franklin, Tenn.
By then, younger, more telegenic singers had come along with vocal
styles learned largely from Mr. Jones and Merle Haggard. Now treated as
an elder statesman, Mr. Jones sang duets with some of his musical heirs,
including Randy Travis and Alan Jackson. Garth Brooks, Vince Gill,
Travis Tritt, Clint Black, Patty Loveless and other country stars joined
Mr. Jones on the single “I Don’t Need Your Rocking Chair” in 1992. That
same year he was named to the Country Music Hall of Fame.
His 1992 album, “Walls Can Fall,” sold a half-million copies. He made a
duet album, “The Bradley Barn Sessions,” with country singers like
Trisha Yearwood and rock musicians likeMark Knopflerand Keith Richards.
In 1994, he had triple bypass surgery.
Mr. Jones rejoined Ms. Wynette to record an album, “One,"and to tour in
1994 and 1995, and in 1996 he released an album to coincide with the
publication of his autobiography, giving it the same title, “I Lived to
Tell It All.” He changed labels again, to Asylum Records, in 1998, the
year Ms. Wynette died in her sleep at age 55.
By this time, Mr. Jones was performing more than 150 nights a year.
Then, on March 6, 1999, he was critically injured when his car hit the
side of a bridge while he was changing a cassette tape. A half-empty
bottle of vodka was found in the car; Mr. Jones was sentenced to undergo
treatment.
“Choices,"a song he released in 1999, won him a Grammy for best male
country vocal. In it, he sang, “By an early age I found I liked
drinkin'/ Oh, and I never turned it down.”
Mr. Jones continued to tour and record into the 21st century. He was a
guest vocalist on Top 30 country hits by Garth Brooks and Shooter
Jennings, and he released both country and gospel albums in the early
2000s. In 2006 he and Mr. Haggard joined forces again for “Kicking Out
the Footlights Again: Jones Sings Haggard, Haggard Sings Jones.” In 2008
he was honored by the Kennedy Center, and in 2012 he received a
lifetime achievement Grammy Award.
Webster & Associates, his
publicists, listed his survivors as his wife, Nancy; his sister, Helen
Scroggins; and his children and grandchildren.
In his last years, Mr. Jones found himself upholding a traditional sound
that had largely disappeared from commercial country radio. “They just
shut us off all together at one time,” he said in a 2012 conversation
with the photographer Alan Mercer. “It’s not the right way to do these
things. You just don’t take something as big as what we had and throw it
away without regrets.
“They don’t care about you as a person,” he added. “They don’t even know who I am in downtown Nashville.”
This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:
Correction: April 26, 2013
An
earlier version of this article misspelled the surname of Mr. Jones’s
wife. Her name is Nancy Sepulvedo, not Sepulveda. It also, in one
instance, referred to Mr. Jones as Mr. George.
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